![]() Furthermore, studies involving diabetic animal models and cells have shown that ginsenosides exert antidiabetic effects by regulating the production and secretion of insulin and improving glucose and lipid metabolism as well as inflammation ( 5). It has also been observed that RG contains high amounts of ginsenosides, which are bioactive components with various pharmacological effects. In particular, lactic acid bacteria-fermented RG, with lipid-lowering activity, has been used as a health food in China. Furthermore, the biotransformation and health benefits of ginseng and RGW, and their application in dairy products have also been reported ( 4). Furthermore, RG extract is widely used in healthcare ( 3), and its current product forms primarily include natural roots, powder, tablets, tea, extracts, and beverages. Specifically, red ginseng (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra RG), which has a “warming effect” and is used in Chinese medicine to “boost yang” and replenish vital essence, is a thermally processed ginseng product that is obtained by steaming fresh ginseng at a certain temperature followed by drying ( 2). Several studies have been conducted to elucidate its bioactive components as well as its pharmacological actions, considering its health-related benefits in daily life as a nutritional product. Meyer was used as an herbal or tonic food in Eastern Asia for a long time ( 1), and recently, was approved by the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China as a new food resource that can be used in the healthcare sector. The experiment demonstrated that red ginseng can regulate lipid metabolism and improve lipid deposition, which provides a promising development for red ginseng as a functional food. ![]() RGW upregulated the content of 5 short-chain fatty acids in rat stools, which are related to lipid oxidation and liver gluconeogenesis.Ĭonclusion: The total RGW were quantitatively analyzed by UHPLC-MS, and its effect on lipid metabolism of T2DM was studied. In vitro experiments by RGW treatment also significantly attenuated lipid deposition in HepG2 cells. RGW significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose and TG and TC levels in T2DM rats, and hepatic steatosis was significantly ameliorated. Experimental results demonstrated that RGW can improve lipid metabolism disorders. Results: A total of 10 ginsenosides were identified and quantitatively analyzed in RGW. ![]() The in vitro activity of RGW was verified by fatty degenerated HepG2 cells. First, the changes in diabetes-related parameters were observed, then the biochemical parameters of the rat serum and liver were measured, and finally, the pathological sections of the rat liver were observed, and the content of short-chain fatty acids in stools was measured. A T2DM rat model was established to verify the activity of RGW in treating lipid metabolism disorders caused by diabetes. Methods: An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology was applied to quantitatively analyze RGW. This study aims to clarify the material basis of total ginsenosides of red ginseng (RGW) and verify the activity of RGW in treating lipid metabolism disorders caused by T2DM. Ginsenosides are its main pharmacologically active ingredient. Meyer, which is one of the widely used medicinal and edible herbs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objectives: Red ginseng is a processed product of Panax ginseng C.A.
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